annotations are included after the citation

1.
Plener, P., Libal, G., Keller, F., Fegert, J., & Muehlenkamp, J.. (2009). An international comparison of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts: Germany and the USA. Psychological Medicine, 39(9), 1549-1558. Retrieved April 16, 2010, from ProQuest Health and Medical Complete. (Document ID: 1873599531). This was a study done to compare sucide and self-injury information between Germany and the United States. The paper included table information about the results. Also a detailed accoutant of the characteristics of the participants.

An international comparison of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts: Germany and the USA
P L Plener, G Libal, F Keller, J M Fegert, J J Muehlenkamp. Psychological Medicine. Cambridge: Sep 2009. Vol. 39, Iss. 9; pg. 1549, 10 pgs
Abstract (Summary)
Background: This study examined the prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicide attempts, suicide threats and suicidal ideation in a German school sample and compared the rates with a similar sample of adolescents from the midwestern USA by using cross-nationally validated assessment tools.

Method: Data were provided from 665 adolescents (mean age 14.8 years, s.d.=0.66, range 14-17 years) in a school setting. Students completed the Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire (SHBQ), the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory (OSI) and a German version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D).

Results: A quarter of the participants (25.6%) endorsed at least one act of NSSI in their life, and 9.5% of those students answered that they had hurt themselves repetitively (more than four times). Forty-three (6.5%) of the students reported a history of a suicide attempt. No statistically significant differences were observed between the German and US samples in terms of self-injury or suicidal behaviors.

Conclusions: By using the same validated assessment tools, no differences were found in the prevalence and characteristics of self-injury and suicidal behaviors between adolescents from Germany and the USA. Thus, it seems that NSSI has to be understood as worldwide phenomenon, at least in Western cultures.

This article was published Feb. 22, 2010.

2.
Matthew K Nock, & Mahzarin R Banaji. (2007). Assessment of Self-Injurious Thoughts Using a Behavioral Test. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(5), 820-3. Retrieved April 16, 2010, from ProQuest Health and Medical Complete. (Document ID: 1275371651). This study had different testing groups that answered the questions differently. The authors also included graphs and tables. This study will be helpful by seeing if different ways of answering questions have more of an effect.


Assessment of Self-Injurious Thoughts Using a Behavioral Test
Matthew K Nock, Mahzarin R Banaji. The American Journal of Psychiatry. Washington: May 2007. Vol. 164, Iss. 5; pg. 820, 4 pgs
Abstract (Summary)
The assessment of self-injurious thoughts has been limited by a reliance on what individuals are willing or able to report explicitly. The authors examined a new method that measures self-injurious thoughts by using individuals' reaction times to self-injury-related stimuli on a computerized test. Eighty-nine adolescents who were not self-injurious (N=36) or had recently engaged in nonsuicidal self-injury (N=53) completed two versions of the Self-Injury Implicit Association Test, which measure the automatic association of self-injury with oneself and with favorableness. The tests revealed significant behavioral differences between the self-injurers and noninjurers. Moreover, test scores significantly improved the statistical prediction of nonsuicidal self-injury beyond that achieved with demographic and psychiatric factors. These initial results support the validity of the Self-Injury Implicit Association Test as a performance-based measure of self-injurious thoughts. Future research should further examine the usefulness of incorporating implicit measures in risk assessment and decision-making procedures for self-injury and other sensitive clinical behaviors.

3.
Counseling Psychology; Studies from University of Michigan provide new data on counseling psychology. (2010, March). Psychology & Psychiatry Journal,42. Retrieved April 16, 2010, from ProQuest Health and Medical Complete. (Document ID: 1970544401). This site was not very useful because there wasn't a lot of information. It was also confusing to read and understand, because most of the content was numbers.

Counseling Psychology; Studies from University of Michigan provide new data on counseling psychology
Anonymous. Psychology & Psychiatry Journal. Atlanta: Mar 6, 2010. pg. 42
Abstract (Summary)
2010 MAR 6 - (NewsRx.com) -- "Archival data (N = 1,048 women, 1, 136 men) from a mental health survey of college students were used to investigate incidence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), including cutting," scientists in the United States report.

The researchers concluded: "The Counseling Center Assessment for Psychological Symptoms (a global symptom inventory) and an assessment of trauma had been field tested with this sample."

(This was posted in March of 2010.)

4.
Suicide; Research from B.D. Thombs and co-authors yields new data on suicide. (2008, June). Medical Devices & Surgical Technology Week,317. Retrieved April 16, 2010, from ProQuest Health and Medical Complete. (Document ID: 1489632101). This resourch is about patients admitted to hospitals with self-inflicted burns. Not a lot of information was included on this resourch. This is not a good resource for my paper.

Suicide; Research from B.D. Thombs and co-authors yields new data on suicide
Anonymous. Medical Devices & Surgical Technology Week. Atlanta: Jun 15, 2008. pg. 317
Abstract (Summary)
Retrospective, cohort study. A total of 70 burn centers from the United States that contributed data to the American Burn Association National Burn Repository. A total of 30,382 adult patients (593 with self-inflicted injuries) who were admitted with a thermal injury from 1995 through 2005. None. Demographics, comorbidities, burn injury severity variables (total body surface area burned [TBSA], TBSA burned third degree, inhalation injury), hospital mortality, intensive care length of stay, and total hospital length of stay were ascertained. Patients with self-inflicted injuries had larger TBSA burned (32.0% vs. 12.8%, p< .01) and larger third-degree TBSA burned (20.6% vs. 4.9%, p< .01) and were more likely to incur an inhalation injury (37.3% vs. 12.8%, p< .01). Before matching, patients with self-inflicted injuries were at greater risk of mortality (23.6% vs. 6.8%, p< .01) and required longer intensive care (median of 4 days vs. 0 days, p< .01) and total hospital stays (median of 23 days vs. 8 days, p< .01).

5.
Cutter, D., Jaffe, J.,& Segal,J. (2008). Cutting and self-injury: Self-harm help, support, and treatment. Retrieved April 16, 2010 from http://helpguide.org/mental/self_injury.htm. This resource will be very helpful. The site included defintions of different types of self injuries, reasons for doing it, treatments, why it is addicting, and much more. This source is layed out in a nice user friendly way.

Cutting and Self-Injury
Self-Harm Help, Support, and Treatment

The number of young people who participate in acts of self-mutilation is growing. Although self-harm is rarely a suicidal act, it must be taken seriously because accidental deaths do occur. It’s difficult to see the light at the end of the tunnel but breaking the cycle of self-abuse is possible if you reach out to someone you trust. Finding new ways of coping with your feelings can help to tone down the intense urges you feel which results in you hurting yourself. Recovery is a continuous process and learning how to stop this addictive behavior is within your reach if you work at it.

6.
Martinson, D. (1998-2001). What is self-injury?. Retrieved April 16, 2010 from http://www.focusas.com/SelfInjury.html. This source may be very helpful because it answers lots of questions. Some questions are different forms of self-injuries, why it makes some people feel better, and what happens in the emergency room.

What is SELF-INJURY?

What is self-injurious behavior?

Why does self-injury make some people feel better?

What kinds of people self-injure?

Aren't people who would deliberately cut or burn themselves psychotic?

Is self-injury a failed suicide attempt?

What problems may be encountered when getting professional help?

What problems may be encountered in the emergency room?

Can anything be done for people who hurt themselves?

Help and Support - More Information on Self-Injury


It's called many things -- self-inflicted violence, self-injury, self-harm, parasuicide, delicate cutting, self-abuse, self-mutilation (this last particularly seems to annoy people who self-injure).

Broadly speaking, self-injury is the act of attempting to alter a mood state by inflicting physical harm serious enough to cause tissue damage to one's body.